(a) Обычно some применяют в утвердительном
предложении, а any - в отрицательном и в вопросах
(но обратите внимание на пункты b и d):
- Sue has caught some flies. - We haven't got any money.
- I've got something tasty to eat. - He's busy. He never has any time.
- Let's go somewhere quiet. - She never goes anywhere.
- She refused to do anything.
(b) Any / anyone / anything и т.д. часто используются
после if :
- If there are any calls for me, can you say that I'm not home?
- If anyone has any questions, ask now.
- If you want anything, say it to the servant, he'll do everything.
в предложениях без if, но смысл в них тот же:
- Anyone who wants to get this job must give me their names before
Tuesday. (= if there is anyone who ...)
- I'll welcome any guests that will come to you. (= if there are any)
с В вопросительных предложениях обычно
употребляется местоимение any (а не `some'):
- Have you got any coffee? - Has anybody called me?
Но some часто используется в вопросах, когда
ожидаемым ответом является `yes' :
- What's wrong with him? Has he got some troubles? (= I think
he has got some troubles and I expect you to say `yes')
- She's in a hurry. Is she going out somewhere?
(= She's looking miserable. Isn't she going out anywhere?)
и в вопросах, особенно когда мы предлагаем или
просим о чём-либо:
- Would you like some work? - Can I have some of those vegetables?
(d) Any /anyone /anybody /anything /anywhere могут
означать
it doesn't matter which /who /what /where:
- You can buy any of these suits.
(=неважно который из этих костюмов)
- Call me any time you need. (=неважно когда)
- You can have anything you want for your birthday present.
- She left the child in the street. Anybody could have walked off with it.
- I'd rather go anywhere than stay at home.
- `Tell me a story.' `What story shall I tell?' `Any one. I don't mind.'
(e) Someone /somebody /anyone /anybody используются,
как слова в единственном числе:
- Someone wants to talk with you.
- Is anybody home?
Но часто they / them / their используются после
этих слов вместо he / she :
- If anyone needs to leave , they can. (= he or she can)
- Somebody has spilt their (= his or her) coffee on the carpet.